The Telecommunications Bill of 2023, aimed at replacing century-old rules with modernized connectivity and new telecom services, has been adopted by the upper house of the Indian Parliament. The Act seeks to facilitate satellite broadband services, attract foreign investment, and promote private involvement. Notably, it allows spectrum allocation for satellite-based services without auctions, benefiting major global firms such as Amazon's Kuiper, Elon Musk's Starlink, and Airtel's OneWeb.
To enhance security and combat fraud, the bill introduces restrictions such as limits on SIM cards and biometric verification. Civil penalties are included, with fines for single offenses reaching up to $12,000 and for term breaches reaching up to $600,400. Amendments to the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India Act of 1997 broaden the pool of qualified applicants for regulators, including those with more than thirty years of experience in the private sector.
Despite the suspension of a few opposition MPs, the measure continues to raise privacy concerns as it grants the government considerable authority over telecom services for national security. This includes the ability to monitor traffic data, intercept communications, and restrict broadcasts in emergencies. The exclusion of the term "OTT" (over-the-top) from the final draft, approved by the industry, has raised concerns about its future categorization.
Digital rights campaigners and privacy advocates express concerns over the bill's unclear language, lack of public discussions, and potential privacy impacts. Requests have been made for a revised draft through consultation, and some have even called for its withdrawal. The law establishes an authorization regime, giving the government additional control over communication platforms by requiring telecom companies to apply for permission before operating in India.
The bill empowers the government to control telecom devices and services from specific nations or individuals, as well as set guidelines for data processing, encryption, and cybersecurity. After passing the Lok Sabha on a voice vote, with certain opposition leaders suspended, the bill now awaits approval from the Indian President before becoming law.
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